An ingrown toenail is a foot condition that develops when the corner of the toenail grows down into the skin. It usually affects the big toe. Ingrown toenails often happen when people cut their toenails by tapering the corner of their toenail. If the toenail curves with the shape of the toe, it can grow into your skin.

Verrucae are plantar warts that commonly occur on the soles of the feet or around the toe area. They are caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), which is contagious through direct person-to-person contact. Verrucae are hyperkeratotic lesions found particularly over the pressure areas of the feet (heel and ball). They are usually self-limiting but may be treated if symptomatic

Foot corns are areas of thickened skin that develop due to constant pressure or rubbing on the skin. They are circular or cone-shaped and can be painful. Corns are a type of callus which is a thick and hardened area of the skin that appears as a hard, rough bump, usually on the hands or feet. The steady irritation promotes the growth of tougher cells that grow to protect the problem area.

Thickening toenails are a by-product of ageing; as people get older the growth rate of nails decreases, which causes nail cells to pile up. The process of nail cells piling up is called as Onychocytes, and due to this process, nails become thicker. A dampening in the immune system of elderly people and other age-related disorders can also contribute to thick toenails. 

Calluses are small areas on your body where the skin has become raised and hard from repeated friction and rubbing. Calluses feel thick and rubbery to the touch. The skin under and around a callus might feel sensitive to pressure. They are most often found on the feet and hands but can occur anywhere on the skin. Some degree of callus, such as on the bottom of the foot, is normal. Corns are a type of callus which is a thick and hardened area of the skin that appears as a hard, rough bump, usually on the hands or feet

People with diabetes are at increased risk of foot infections. Diabetes may cause nerve damage that takes away the feeling in your feet. Diabetes may also reduce blood flow to the feet, making it harder to heal an injury or resist infection. Diabetic foot care is essential as diabetes can be dangerous to your feet—even a small cut can produce serious consequences